Selasa, 20 Januari 2009

Job Desk

Job Tasks for:
"Computer and Information Systems Managers"
Manage backup, security and user help systems.

Consult with users, management, vendors, and technicians to assess computing needs and system requirements.

Direct daily operations of department, analyzing workflow, establishing priorities, developing standards and setting deadlines.

Assign and review the work of systems analysts, programmers, and other computer-related workers.

Stay abreast of advances in technology.

Develop computer information resources, providing for data security and control, strategic computing, and disaster recovery.

Review and approve all systems charts and programs prior to their implementation.

Evaluate the organization's technology use and needs and recommend improvements, such as hardware and software upgrades.

Control operational budget and expenditures.

Meet with department heads, managers, supervisors, vendors, and others, to solicit cooperation and resolve problems.

Develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures.

Recruit, hire, train and supervise staff, and/or participate in staffing decisions.

Review project plans in order to plan and coordinate project activity.

Evaluate data processing proposals to assess project feasibility and requirements.

Prepare and review operational reports or project progress reports.

Purchase necessary equipment.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Computer and Information Systems Managers"
Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Design -- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

Engineering and Technology -- Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.

Economics and Accounting -- Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.

Education and Training -- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
See the education requirements for Computer and Information Systems Managers
Skill Requirements for:
"Computer and Information Systems Managers"
Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Judgment and Decision Making -- Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Negotiation -- Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.

Management of Financial Resources -- Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.

Complex Problem Solving -- Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Systems Evaluation -- Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.




Ability Requirements for:
"Computer and Information Systems Managers"
Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



"Computer and Information Systems Managers" Job Activities
Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others -- Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.

Scheduling Work and Activities -- Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships -- Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.

Thinking Creatively -- Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People -- Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Job Tasks for:
"Computer Hardware Engineers"
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan layout, including type of computers and peripheral equipment modifications.

Analyze user needs and recommend appropriate hardware.

Build, test and modify product prototypes, using working models or theoretical models constructed using computer simulation.

Confer with engineering staff and consult specifications to evaluate interface between hardware and software and operational and performance requirements of overall system.

Design and develop computer hardware and support peripherals, including central processing units (CPUs), support logic, microprocessors, custom integrated circuits, and printers and disk drives.

Evaluate factors such as reporting formats required, cost constraints, and need for security restrictions to determine hardware configuration.

Monitor functioning of equipment and make necessary modifications to ensure system operates in conformance with specifications.

Specify power supply requirements and configuration, drawing on system performance expectations and design specifications.

Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements.

Test and verify hardware and support peripherals to ensure that they meet specifications and requirements, analyzing and recording test data.

Write detailed functional specifications that document the hardware development process and support hardware introduction.

Assemble and modify existing pieces of equipment to meet special needs.

Direct technicians, engineering designers or other technical support personnel as needed.

Provide technical support to designers, marketing and sales departments, suppliers, engineers and other team members throughout the product development and implementation process.

Provide training and support to system designers and users.

Recommend purchase of equipment to control dust, temperature, and humidity in area of system installation.

Select hardware and material, assuring compliance with specifications and product requirements.

Update knowledge and skills to keep up with rapid advancements in computer technology.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Computer Hardware Engineers"
Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Engineering and Technology -- Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Education and Training -- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

Design -- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
See the education requirements for Computer Hardware Engineers
Skill Requirements for:
"Computer Hardware Engineers"
Operations Analysis -- Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.

Mathematics -- Using mathematics to solve problems.

Troubleshooting -- Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Programming -- Writing computer programs for various purposes.

Science -- Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.




Ability Requirements for:
"Computer Hardware Engineers"
Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

Mathematical Reasoning -- The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



"Computer Hardware Engineers" Job Activities
Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Provide Consultation and Advice to Others -- Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge -- Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Thinking Creatively -- Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment -- Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.

Analyzing Data or Information -- Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Job Tasks for:
"Computer Operators"
Enter commands, using computer terminal, and activate controls on computer and peripheral equipment to integrate and operate equipment.

Monitor the system for equipment failure or errors in performance.

Notify supervisor or computer maintenance technicians of equipment malfunctions.

Respond to program error messages by finding and correcting problems or terminating the program.

Read job set-up instructions to determine equipment to be used, order of use, material such as disks and paper to be loaded, and control settings.

Operate spreadsheet programs and other types of software to load and manipulate data and to produce reports.

Retrieve, separate and sort program output as needed, and send data to specified users.

Load peripheral equipment with selected materials for operating runs, or oversee loading of peripheral equipment by peripheral equipment operators.

Answer telephone calls to assist computer users encountering problems.

Oversee the operation of computer hardware systems, including coordinating and scheduling the use of computer terminals and networks to ensure efficient use.

Record information such as computer operating time, problems that occurred, and actions taken.

Clear equipment at end of operating run and review schedule to determine next assignment.

Type command on keyboard to transfer encoded data from memory unit to magnetic tape and assist in labeling, classifying, cataloging and maintaining tapes.

Supervise and train peripheral equipment operators and computer operator trainees.

Help programmers and systems analysts test and debug new programs.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Computer Operators"
Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Sales and Marketing -- Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.

Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
See the education requirements for Computer Operators
Skill Requirements for:
"Computer Operators"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Troubleshooting -- Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Service Orientation -- Actively looking for ways to help people.

Judgment and Decision Making -- Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.


Ability Requirements for:
"Computer Operators"
Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.



"Computer Operators" Job Activities
Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge -- Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work -- Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.

Performing Administrative Activities -- Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.

Analyzing Data or Information -- Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Job Tasks for:
"Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary"
Participate in student recruitment, registration, and placement activities.

Collaborate with colleagues to address teaching and research issues.

Serve on academic or administrative committees that deal with institutional policies, departmental matters, and academic issues.

Act as advisers to student organizations.

Supervise undergraduate and/or graduate teaching, internship, and research work.

Perform administrative duties such as serving as department head.

Conduct research in a particular field of knowledge, and publish findings in professional journals, books, and/or electronic media.

Direct research of other teachers or of graduate students working for advanced academic degrees.

Provide professional consulting services to government and/or industry.

Participate in campus and community events.

Compile bibliographies of specialized materials for outside reading assignments.

Write grant proposals to procure external research funding.

Evaluate and grade students' class work, laboratory work, assignments, and papers.

Maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records.

Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate and/or graduate students on topics such as programming, data structures, and software design.

Prepare course materials such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts.

Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others.

Keep abreast of developments in their field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences.

Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions.

Plan, evaluate, and revise curricula, course content, and course materials and methods of instruction.

Supervise students' laboratory work.

Maintain regularly scheduled office hours in order to advise and assist students.

Select and obtain materials and supplies such as textbooks and laboratory equipment.

Advise students on academic and vocational curricula, and on career issues.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary"
Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Education and Training -- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Telecommunications -- Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.

Engineering and Technology -- Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Communications and Media -- Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
See the education requirements for Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Skill Requirements for:
"Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary"
Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Learning Strategies -- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Complex Problem Solving -- Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.




Ability Requirements for:
"Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary"
Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.



"Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary" Job Activities
Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Training and Teaching Others -- Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge -- Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Thinking Creatively -- Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others -- Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.

Coaching and Developing Others -- Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Job Tasks for:
"Computer Security Specialists"
Train users and promote security awareness to ensure system security and to improve server and network efficiency.

Develop plans to safeguard computer files against accidental or unauthorized modification, destruction, or disclosure and to meet emergency data processing needs.

Confer with users to discuss issues such as computer data access needs, security violations, and programming changes.

Monitor current reports of computer viruses to determine when to update virus protection systems.

Modify computer security files to incorporate new software, correct errors, or change individual access status.

Coordinate implementation of computer system plan with establishment personnel and outside vendors.

Monitor use of data files and regulate access to safeguard information in computer files.

Perform risk assessments and execute tests of data processing system to ensure functioning of data processing activities and security measures.

Encrypt data transmissions and erect firewalls to conceal confidential information as it is being transmitted and to keep out tainted digital transfers.

Document computer security and emergency measures policies, procedures, and tests.

Review violations of computer security procedures and discuss procedures with violators to ensure violations are not repeated.

Maintain permanent fleet cryptologic and carry-on direct support systems required in special land, sea surface and subsurface operations.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Computer Security Specialists"
Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

Engineering and Technology -- Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.

Telecommunications -- Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.

Education and Training -- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Law and Government -- Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.

Communications and Media -- Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.

Public Safety and Security -- Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
See the education requirements for Computer Security Specialists
Skill Requirements for:
"Computer Security Specialists"
Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Systems Evaluation -- Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Systems Analysis -- Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.

Troubleshooting -- Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Judgment and Decision Making -- Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.


Ability Requirements for:
"Computer Security Specialists"
Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Finger Dexterity -- The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Selective Attention -- The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.



"Computer Security Specialists" Job Activities
Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge -- Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Thinking Creatively -- Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Analyzing Data or Information -- Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work -- Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Job Tasks for:
"Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software"
Modify existing software to correct errors, to adapt it to new hardware or to upgrade interfaces and improve performance.

Design and develop software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design.

Consult with engineering staff to evaluate interface between hardware and software, develop specifications and performance requirements and resolve customer problems.

Analyze information to determine, recommend and plan installation of a new system or modification of an existing system.

Develop and direct software system testing and validation procedures.

Direct software programming and development of documentation.

Consult with customers and/or other departments on project status, proposals and technical issues such as software system design and maintenance.

Advise customer about, or perform, maintenance of software system.

Coordinate installation of software system.

Monitor functioning of equipment to ensure system operates in conformance with specifications.

Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements.

Confer with data processing and project managers to obtain information on limitations and capabilities for data processing projects.

Prepare reports and correspondence concerning project specifications, activities and status.

Evaluate factors such as reporting formats required, cost constraints, and need for security restrictions to determine hardware configuration.

Supervise and assign work to programmers, designers, technologists and technicians and other engineering and scientific personnel.

Train users to use new or modified equipment.

Utilize microcontrollers to develop control signals, implement control algorithms and measure process variables such as temperatures, pressures and positions.

Recommend purchase of equipment to control dust, temperature, and humidity in area of system installation.

Specify power supply requirements and configuration.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software"
Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Engineering and Technology -- Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.

Design -- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Education and Training -- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

Communications and Media -- Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.

Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

Telecommunications -- Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
See the education requirements for Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software
Skill Requirements for:
"Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software"
Complex Problem Solving -- Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.

Technology Design -- Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.

Troubleshooting -- Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Programming -- Writing computer programs for various purposes.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Systems Analysis -- Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.

Mathematics -- Using mathematics to solve problems.

Operations Analysis -- Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.




Ability Requirements for:
"Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software"
Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Mathematical Reasoning -- The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.

Originality -- The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.



"Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software" Job Activities
Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Analyzing Data or Information -- Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge -- Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work -- Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Job Tasks for:
"Computer Software Engineers, Applications"
Confer with systems analysts, engineers, programmers and others to design system and to obtain information on project limitations and capabilities, performance requirements and interfaces.

Modify existing software to correct errors, allow it to adapt to new hardware, or to improve its performance.

Analyze user needs and software requirements to determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints.

Consult with customers about software system design and maintenance.

Coordinate software system installation and monitor equipment functioning to ensure specifications are met.

Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcome and consequences of design.

Develop and direct software system testing and validation procedures, programming, and documentation.

Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan computer specifications and layouts, and peripheral equipment modifications.

Supervise the work of programmers, technologists and technicians and other engineering and scientific personnel.

Obtain and evaluate information on factors such as reporting formats required, costs, and security needs to determine hardware configuration.

Determine system performance standards.

Train users to use new or modified equipment.

Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements.

Specify power supply requirements and configuration.

Recommend purchase of equipment to control dust, temperature, and humidity in area of system installation.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Computer Software Engineers, Applications"
Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Engineering and Technology -- Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.

Telecommunications -- Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Design -- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
See the education requirements for Computer Software Engineers, Applications
Skill Requirements for:
"Computer Software Engineers, Applications"
Programming -- Writing computer programs for various purposes.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Complex Problem Solving -- Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.

Troubleshooting -- Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Technology Design -- Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.

Judgment and Decision Making -- Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Operations Analysis -- Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.

Systems Analysis -- Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.




Ability Requirements for:
"Computer Software Engineers, Applications"
Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.



"Computer Software Engineers, Applications" Job Activities
Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge -- Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Thinking Creatively -- Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Analyzing Data or Information -- Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others -- Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Job Tasks for:
"Computer Support Specialists"
Install and perform minor repairs to hardware, software, and peripheral equipment, following design or installation specifications.

Oversee the daily performance of computer systems.

Set up equipment for employee use, performing or ensuring proper installation of cable, operating systems, and appropriate software.

Maintain record of daily data communication transactions, problems and remedial action taken, and installation activities.

Read technical manuals, confer with users, and conduct computer diagnostics to investigate and resolve problems and to provide technical assistance and support.

Confer with staff, users, and management to establish requirements for new systems or modifications.

Develop training materials and procedures, and/or train users in the proper use of hardware and software.

Refer major hardware or software problems or defective products to vendors or technicians for service.

Prepare evaluations of software or hardware, and recommend improvements or upgrades.

Read trade magazines and technical manuals, and attend conferences and seminars to maintain knowledge of hardware and software.

Supervise and coordinate workers engaged in problem-solving, monitoring, and installing data communication equipment and software.

Inspect equipment and read order sheets to prepare for delivery to users.

Modify and customize commercial programs for internal needs.

Answer users' inquiries regarding computer software and hardware operation to resolve problems.

Enter commands and observe system functioning to verify correct operations and detect errors.

Conduct office automation feasibility studies, including workflow analysis, space design, and cost comparison analysis.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Computer Support Specialists"
Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Engineering and Technology -- Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Telecommunications -- Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

Production and Processing -- Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.

Design -- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

Psychology -- Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
See the education requirements for Computer Support Specialists
Skill Requirements for:
"Computer Support Specialists"
Troubleshooting -- Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Learning Strategies -- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.

Complex Problem Solving -- Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.


Ability Requirements for:
"Computer Support Specialists"
Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



"Computer Support Specialists" Job Activities
Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge -- Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships -- Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others -- Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Job Tasks for:
"Computer Systems Analysts"
Provide staff and users with assistance solving computer related problems, such as malfunctions and program problems.

Test, maintain, and monitor computer programs and systems, including coordinating the installation of computer programs and systems.

Use object-oriented programming languages, as well as client/server applications development processes and multimedia and Internet technology.

Confer with clients regarding the nature of the information processing or computation needs a computer program is to address.

Coordinate and link the computer systems within an organization to increase compatibility and so information can be shared.

Consult with management to ensure agreement on system principles.

Expand or modify system to serve new purposes or improve work flow.

Interview or survey workers, observe job performance and/or perform the job in order to determine what information is processed and how it is processed.

Determine computer software or hardware needed to set up or alter system.

Train staff and users to work with computer systems and programs.

Analyze information processing or computation needs and plan and design computer systems, using techniques such as structured analysis, data modeling and information engineering.

Assess the usefulness of pre-developed application packages and adapt them to a user environment.

Define the goals of the system and devise flow charts and diagrams describing logical operational steps of programs.

Develop, document and revise system design procedures, test procedures, and quality standards.

Review and analyze computer printouts and performance indicators to locate code problems, and correct errors by correcting codes.

Recommend new equipment or software packages.

Read manuals, periodicals, and technical reports to learn how to develop programs that meet staff and user requirements.

Supervise computer programmers or other systems analysts or serve as project leaders for particular systems projects.

Utilize the computer in the analysis and solution of business problems such as development of integrated production and inventory control and cost analysis systems.

Prepare cost-benefit and return-on-investment analyses to aid in decisions on system implementation.

Specify inputs accessed by the system and plan the distribution and use of the results.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Computer Systems Analysts"
Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Design -- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

Telecommunications -- Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Education and Training -- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
See the education requirements for Computer Systems Analysts
Skill Requirements for:
"Computer Systems Analysts"
Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Complex Problem Solving -- Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Troubleshooting -- Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Service Orientation -- Actively looking for ways to help people.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Monitoring -- Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

Quality Control Analysis -- Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.




Ability Requirements for:
"Computer Systems Analysts"
Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



"Computer Systems Analysts" Job Activities
Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge -- Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Analyzing Data or Information -- Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Thinking Creatively -- Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others -- Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.


Job Tasks for:
"Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers"
Advise customers concerning equipment operation, maintenance and programming.

Align, adjust, and calibrate equipment according to specifications.

Analyze equipment performance records in order to assess equipment functioning.

Assemble machines according to specifications, using hand tools, power tools, and measuring devices.

Clean, oil, and adjust mechanical parts to maintain machines' operating efficiency and to prevent breakdowns.

Complete repair bills, shop records, time cards, and expense reports.

Converse with customers in order to determine details of equipment problems.

Disassemble machine to examine parts such as wires, gears, and bearings for wear and defects, using hand tools, power tools, and measuring devices.

Install and configure new equipment, including operating software and peripheral equipment.

Lay cable and hook up electrical connections between machines, power sources, and phone lines.

Maintain records of equipment maintenance work and repairs.

Operate machines in order to test functioning of parts and mechanisms.

Read specifications such as blueprints, charts, and schematics in order to determine machine settings and adjustments.

Reassemble machines after making repairs or replacing parts.

Reinstall software programs or adjust settings on existing software in order to fix machine malfunctions.

Repair, adjust, or replace electrical and mechanical components and parts, using hand tools, power tools, and soldering or welding equipment.

Test components and circuits of faulty equipment in order to locate defects, using oscilloscopes, signal generators, ammeters, voltmeters, or special diagnostic software programs.

Test new systems in order to ensure that they are in working order.

Update existing equipment, performing tasks such as installing updated circuit boards or additional memory.

Calibrate testing instruments.

Enter information into computers to copy programs from one electronic component to another, or to draw, modify, or store schematics.

Fill machines with toners, inks, or other duplicating fluids.

Maintain parts inventories, and order any additional parts needed for repairs.

Travel to customers' stores or offices to service machines, or to provide emergency repair service.

Train new repairers.
Job Tasks for:
"Concierges"
Make dining and other reservations for patrons, and obtain tickets for events.

Provide information about local features such as shopping, dining, nightlife, and recreational destinations.

Make travel arrangements for sightseeing and other tours.

Receive, store, and deliver luggage and mail.

Perform office duties on a temporary basis when needed.

Pick up and deliver items, or run errands for guests.

Carry out unusual requests such as searching for hard-to-find items and arranging for exotic services such as hot-air balloon rides.

Arrange for the replacement of items lost by travelers.

Arrange for interpreters or translators when patrons require such services.

Plan special events, parties, and meetings, which may include booking musicians or celebrities to appear.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Concierges"
Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Telecommunications -- Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.

Public Safety and Security -- Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

Psychology -- Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.

Communications and Media -- Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
See the education requirements for Concierges
Skill Requirements for:
"Concierges"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Service Orientation -- Actively looking for ways to help people.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Social Perceptiveness -- Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Coordination -- Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

Learning Strategies -- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.




Ability Requirements for:
"Concierges"
Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Fluency of Ideas -- The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



"Concierges" Job Activities
Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Performing for or Working Directly with the Public -- Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships -- Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.

Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People -- Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge -- Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Job Tasks for:
"Construction and Building Inspectors"
Use survey instruments, metering devices, tape measures, and test equipment, such as concrete strength measurers, to perform inspections.

Inspect bridges, dams, highways, buildings, wiring, plumbing, electrical circuits, sewers, heating systems, and foundations during and after construction for structural quality, general safety and conformance to specifications and codes.

Maintain daily logs and supplement inspection records with photographs.

Review and interpret plans, blueprints, site layouts, specifications, and construction methods to ensure compliance to legal requirements and safety regulations.

Inspect and monitor construction sites to ensure adherence to safety standards, building codes, and specifications.

Measure dimensions and verify level, alignment, and elevation of structures and fixtures to ensure compliance to building plans and codes.

Issue violation notices and stop-work orders, conferring with owners, violators, and authorities to explain regulations and recommend rectifications.

Issue permits for construction, relocation, demolition and occupancy.

Approve and sign plans that meet required specifications.

Compute estimates of work completed or of needed renovations or upgrades, and approve payment for contractors.

Monitor installation of plumbing, wiring, equipment, and appliances to ensure that installation is performed properly and is in compliance with applicable regulations.

Examine lifting and conveying devices, such as elevators, escalators, moving sidewalks, lifts and hoists, inclined railways, ski lifts, and amusement rides to ensure safety and proper functioning.

Train, direct and supervise other construction inspectors.

Evaluate premises for cleanliness, including proper garbage disposal and lack of vermin infestation.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Construction and Building Inspectors"
Building and Construction -- Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.

Engineering and Technology -- Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Public Safety and Security -- Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

Design -- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
See the education requirements for Construction and Building Inspectors
Skill Requirements for:
"Construction and Building Inspectors"
Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Mathematics -- Using mathematics to solve problems.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Coordination -- Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

Social Perceptiveness -- Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

Quality Control Analysis -- Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.




Ability Requirements for:
"Construction and Building Inspectors"
Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Flexibility of Closure -- The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.



"Construction and Building Inspectors" Job Activities
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material -- Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Job Tasks for:
"Construction Carpenters"
Measure and mark cutting lines on materials, using ruler, pencil, chalk, and marking gauge.

Follow established safety rules and regulations and maintain a safe and clean environment.

Verify trueness of structure, using plumb bob and level.

Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saw.

Study specifications in blueprints, sketches or building plans to prepare project layout and determine dimensions and materials required.

Assemble and fasten materials to make framework or props, using hand tools and wood screws, nails, dowel pins, or glue.

Build or repair cabinets, doors, frameworks, floors, and other wooden fixtures used in buildings, using woodworking machines, carpenter's hand tools, and power tools.

Erect scaffolding and ladders for assembling structures above ground level.

Remove damaged or defective parts or sections of structures and repair or replace, using hand tools.

Install structures and fixtures, such as windows, frames, floorings, and trim, or hardware, using carpenter's hand and power tools.

Select and order lumber and other required materials.

Maintain records, document actions and present written progress reports.

Finish surfaces of woodwork or wallboard in houses and buildings, using paint, hand tools, and paneling.

Prepare cost estimates for clients or employers.

Arrange for subcontractors to deal with special areas such as heating and electrical wiring work.

Inspect ceiling or floor tile, wall coverings, siding, glass, or woodwork to detect broken or damaged structures.

Work with and/or remove hazardous material.

Construct forms and chutes for pouring concrete.

Cover subfloors with building paper to keep out moisture and lay hardwood, parquet, and wood-strip-block floors by nailing floors to subfloor or cementing them to mastic or asphalt base.

Fill cracks and other defects in plaster or plasterboard and sand patch, using patching plaster, trowel, and sanding tool.

Perform minor plumbing, welding and/or concrete mixing work.

Apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, and decorative paneling to ceilings and walls.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Construction Carpenters"
Building and Construction -- Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Design -- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

Production and Processing -- Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.

Engineering and Technology -- Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.

Mechanical -- Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.

Public Safety and Security -- Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

Law and Government -- Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
See the education requirements for Construction Carpenters
Skill Requirements for:
"Construction Carpenters"
Mathematics -- Using mathematics to solve problems.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Judgment and Decision Making -- Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

Quality Control Analysis -- Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.

Management of Material Resources -- Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Installation -- Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.

Management of Financial Resources -- Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.




Ability Requirements for:
"Construction Carpenters"
Arm-Hand Steadiness -- The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.

Trunk Strength -- The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.

Multilimb Coordination -- The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Manual Dexterity -- The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Visualization -- The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.



"Construction Carpenters" Job Activities
Controlling Machines and Processes -- Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People -- Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others -- Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Scheduling Work and Activities -- Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Tasks for:
"Construction Drillers"
Operates machine to flush earth cuttings, or blows dust from hole.

Assembles and positions machine, augers, and casing pipes.

Verifies depth and level of boring position.

Retracts auger to force discharge dirt from hole.

Starts, stops, and controls drilling speed of machine and insertion of casing into hole.

Signals crane operator to move equipment.

Drives truck or tractor to work site.

Operates hoist to lift power line poles into position.

Monitors drilling operation and strata being drilled to determine need to adjust drilling or insert casing into hole.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Construction Drillers"
Mechanical -- Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.

Engineering and Technology -- Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
See the education requirements for Construction Drillers
Skill Requirements for:
"Construction Drillers"
Operation and Control -- Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

Operation Monitoring -- Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.




Ability Requirements for:
"Construction Drillers"
Control Precision -- The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Static Strength -- The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Manual Dexterity -- The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.

Response Orientation -- The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.

Reaction Time -- The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.

Multilimb Coordination -- The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.

Depth Perception -- The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.

Trunk Strength -- The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.

Dynamic Strength -- The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.



"Construction Drillers" Job Activities
Controlling Machines and Processes -- Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment -- Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material -- Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information -- Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Job Tasks for:
"Construction Laborers"
Mop, brush, or spread paints, cleaning solutions, or other compounds over surfaces to clean them or to provide protection.

Operate jackhammers and drills to break up concrete or pavement.

Place, consolidate, and protect case-in-place concrete or masonry structures.

Position, join, align, and seal structural components, such as concrete wall sections and pipes.

Shovel cement and other materials into portable cement mixers; and mix, pour, and spread concrete.

Signal equipment operators to facilitate alignment, movement, and adjustment of machinery, equipment, and materials.

Smooth and finish freshly poured cement or concrete, using floats, trowels, screeds, or powered cement finishing tools.

Spray materials such as water, sand, steam, vinyl, paint, or stucco through hoses to clean, coat, or seal surfaces.

Tend machines that pump concrete, grout, cement, sand, plaster or stucco through spray-guns for application to ceilings and walls.

Tend pumps, compressors, and generators to provide power for tools, machinery, and equipment, or to heat and move materials such as asphalt.

Lubricate, clean, and repair machinery, equipment, and tools.

Operate, read, and maintain air monitoring and other sampling devices in confined and/or hazardous environments.

Apply caulking compounds by hand or using caulking guns.

Build and position forms for pouring concrete, and dismantle forms after use, using saws, hammers, nails, or bolts.

Clean and prepare construction sites to eliminate possible hazards.

Control traffic passing near, in, and around work zones.

Dig ditches or trenches, backfill excavations, and compact and level earth to grade specifications, using picks, shovels, pneumatic tampers, and rakes.

Erect and disassemble scaffolding, shoring, braces, traffic barricades, ramps, and other temporary structures.

Grind, scrape, sand, or polish surfaces such as concrete, marble, terrazzo, or wood flooring, using abrasive tools or machines.

Install sewer, water, and storm drain pipes, using pipe-laying machinery and laser guidance equipment.

Load, unload, and identify building materials, machinery, and tools, and distribute them to the appropriate locations, according to project plans and specifications.

Measure, mark, and record openings and distances to lay out areas where construction work will be performed.

Mix ingredients to create compounds for covering or cleaning surfaces.

Provide assistance to craft workers, such as carpenters, plasterers, and masons.

Raze buildings and salvage useful materials.

Read and interpret plans, instructions, and specifications to determine work activities.

Transport and set explosives for tunnel, shaft, and road construction.

Use computers and other input devices to control robotic pipe cutters and cleaners.

Identify, pack, and transport hazardous and/or radioactive materials.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Construction Laborers"
Building and Construction -- Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.

Mechanical -- Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.

Engineering and Technology -- Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
See the education requirements for Construction Laborers
Skill Requirements for:
"Construction Laborers"
Equipment Selection -- Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.




Ability Requirements for:
"Construction Laborers"
Static Strength -- The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Trunk Strength -- The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.

Explosive Strength -- The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.

Multilimb Coordination -- The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.

Manual Dexterity -- The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.



"Construction Laborers" Job Activities
Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Controlling Machines and Processes -- Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment -- Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.


Job Tasks for:
"Construction Managers"
Schedule the project in logical steps and budget time required to meet deadlines.

Determine labor requirements and dispatch workers to construction sites.

Inspect and review projects to monitor compliance with building and safety codes, and other regulations.

Interpret and explain plans and contract terms to administrative staff, workers, and clients, representing the owner or developer.

Prepare contracts and negotiate revisions, changes and additions to contractual agreements with architects, consultants, clients, suppliers and subcontractors.

Obtain all necessary permits and licenses.

Direct and supervise workers.

Study job specifications to determine appropriate construction methods.

Select, contract, and oversee workers who complete specific pieces of the project, such as painting or plumbing.

Requisition supplies and materials to complete construction projects.

Prepare and submit budget estimates and progress and cost tracking reports.

Develop and implement quality control programs.

Take actions to deal with the results of delays, bad weather, or emergencies at construction site.

Confer with supervisory personnel, owners, contractors, and design professionals to discuss and resolve matters such as work procedures, complaints, and construction problems.

Plan, organize, and direct activities concerned with the construction and maintenance of structures, facilities, and systems.

Investigate damage, accidents, or delays at construction sites, to ensure that proper procedures are being carried out.

Evaluate construction methods and determine cost-effectiveness of plans, using computers.

Direct acquisition of land for construction projects.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Construction Managers"
Building and Construction -- Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Design -- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Public Safety and Security -- Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Mechanical -- Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.

Engineering and Technology -- Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.

Economics and Accounting -- Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
See the education requirements for Construction Managers
Skill Requirements for:
"Construction Managers"
Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Coordination -- Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.

Mathematics -- Using mathematics to solve problems.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Judgment and Decision Making -- Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Negotiation -- Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.




Ability Requirements for:
"Construction Managers"
Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).



"Construction Managers" Job Activities
Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work -- Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.

Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material -- Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.

Scheduling Work and Activities -- Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others -- Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information -- Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Job Tasks for:
"Continuous Mining Machine Operators"
Determine locations, boundaries, and depths of holes or channels to be cut.

Drive machines into position at working faces.

Move controls to start and regulate movement of conveyors, and to start and position drill cutters or torches.

Move levers to raise and lower hydraulic safety bars that support roofs above machines until other workers complete their framing.

Observe and listen to equipment operation to detect binding or stoppage of tools and other equipment malfunctions.

Reposition machines to make additional holes or cuts.

Start machines to gather coal and convey it to floors or shuttle cars.

Guide and assist crews laying track and resetting supports and blocking.

Install casings to prevent cave-ins.

Repair, oil, and adjust machines, and change cutting teeth, using wrenches.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Continuous Mining Machine Operators"
Mechanical -- Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
See the education requirements for Continuous Mining Machine Operators
Skill Requirements for:
"Continuous Mining Machine Operators"
Operation and Control -- Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

Equipment Maintenance -- Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.

Repairing -- Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

Coordination -- Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.




Ability Requirements for:
"Continuous Mining Machine Operators"
Control Precision -- The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.

Multilimb Coordination -- The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.



"Continuous Mining Machine Operators" Job Activities
Controlling Machines and Processes -- Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment -- Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.

Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment -- Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
Job Tasks for:
"Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door"
Calibrate thermostats for specified temperature or pressure settings.

Clean internal compartments and moving parts, using rags and cleaning compounds.

Connect regulators to test stands, and turn screw adjustments until gauges indicate that inlet and outlet pressures meet specifications.

Disassemble and repair mechanical control devices or valves, such as regulators, thermostats, or hydrants, using power tools, hand tools, and cutting torches.

Dismantle meters, and replace or adjust defective parts such as cases, shafts, gears, disks, and recording mechanisms, using soldering irons and hand tools.

Examine valves or mechanical control device parts for defects, dents, or loose attachments, and mark malfunctioning areas of defective units.

Install, inspect and test electric meters, relays, and power sources to detect causes of malfunctions and inaccuracies, using hand tools and testing equipment.

Install regulators and related equipment such as gas meters, odorization units, and gas pressure telemetering equipment.

Lubricate wearing surfaces of mechanical parts, using oils or other lubricants.

Make adjustments to meter components, such as setscrews or timing mechanisms, so that they conform to specifications.

Measure tolerances of assembled and salvageable parts for conformance to standards or specifications, using gauges, micrometers, and calipers.

Mount and install meters and other electric equipment such as time clocks, transformers, and circuit breakers, using electricians' hand tools.

Investigate instances of illegal tapping into service lines.

Recommend and write up specifications for changes in hardware, such as house wiring.

Report hazardous field situations and damaged or missing meters.

Shut off service and notify repair crews when major repairs are required, such as the replacement of underground pipes or wiring.

Reassemble repaired equipment, and solder top, front, and back case panels in place, using soldering guns, power tools, and hand tools.

Record meter readings and installation data on meter cards, work orders, or field service orders, or enter data into hand-held computers.

Repair electric meters and components, such as transformers and relays, and replace metering devices, dial glasses, and faulty or incorrect wiring, using hand tools.

Repair leaks in valve seats or bellows of automotive heater thermostats, using soft solder, flux, and acetylene torches.

Replace defective parts, such as bellows, range springs, and toggle switches, and reassemble units according to blueprints, using cam presses and hand tools.

Splice and connect cables from meters or current transformers to pull boxes or switchboards, using hand tools.

Test valves and regulators for leaks and accurate temperature and pressure settings, using precision testing equipment.

Advise customers on proper installation of valves or regulators and related equipment.

Attach air hoses to meter inlets; then plug outlets and observe gauges for pressure losses in order to test internal seams for leaks.

Attach pressurized meters to fixtures which submerge them in water, and observe meters for leaks.

Clamp regulator units into vises on stages above water tanks, and attach compressed air hoses to intake ports.

Clean plant growth, scale, paint, soil, and/or rust from meter housings, using wire brushes, scrapers, buffers, sandblasters, and/or cleaning compounds.

Connect hoses from provers to meter inlets and outlets, and raise prover bells until prover gauges register zero.

Cut seats to receive new orifices, tap inspection ports, and perform other repairs in order to salvage usable materials, using hand tools and machine tools.

Dip valves and regulators in molten lead to prevent leakage, and paint valves, fittings, and other devices, using spray guns.

Disconnect and/or remove defective or unauthorized meters, using hand tools.

Operate power-driven foot pedals to raise and/or lower regulators into and out of water tanks.

Recondition displacement type gas meters and governors, fabricating, machining, and/or modifying parts needed for repairs.

Record maintenance information, including test results, material usage, and repairs made.

Trace and tag meters or house lines.

Turn meters on or off to establish or close service.

Turn valves to allow measured amounts of air or gas to pass through meters at specified flow rates.

Vary air pressure flowing into regulators and turn handles to assess functioning of valves and pistons.

Collect money due on delinquent accounts.
Job Tasks for:
"Conveyor Operators and Tenders"
Contact workers in work stations or other departments to request movement of materials, products, or machinery, or to notify them of incoming shipments and their estimated delivery times.

Distribute materials, supplies, and equipment to work stations, using lifts and trucks.

Join sections of conveyor frames at temporary working areas, and connect power units.

Measure dimensions of bundles, using rulers, and cut battens to required sizes, using power saws.

Move, assemble, and connect hoses or nozzles to material hoppers, storage tanks, conveyor sections or chutes, and pumps.

Operate consoles to control automatic palletizing equipment.

Operate elevator systems in conjunction with conveyor systems.

Record production data such as weights, types, quantities, and storage locations of materials, as well as equipment performance problems and downtime.

Repair or replace equipment components or parts such as blades, rolls, and pumps.

Thread strapping through strapping tools; then secure battens with strapping to form protective pallets around extrusions.

Inform supervisors of equipment malfunctions that need to be addressed.

Load, unload, or adjust materials or products on conveyors by hand, by using lifts, hoists, and scoops, or by opening gates, chutes, or hoppers.

Manipulate controls, levers, and valves to start pumps, auxiliary equipment, or conveyors, and to adjust equipment positions, speeds, timing, and material flows.

Observe conveyor operations and monitor lights, dials, and gauges, in order to maintain specified operating levels and to detect equipment malfunctions.

Observe packages moving along conveyors in order to identify packages and to detect defective packaging.

Position deflector bars, gates, chutes, or spouts to divert flow of materials from one conveyor onto another conveyor.

Press console buttons to deflect packages to predetermined accumulators or reject lines.

Read production and delivery schedules, and confer with supervisors, to determine sorting and transfer procedures, arrangement of packages on pallets, and destinations of loaded pallets.

Stop equipment or machinery and clear jams, using poles, bars, and hand tools, or remove damaged materials from conveyors.

Weigh or measure materials and products, using scales or other measuring instruments, or read scales on conveyors that continually weigh products, in order to verify specified tonnages and prevent overloads.

Affix identifying information to materials or products, using hand tools.

Clean, sterilize, and maintain equipment, machinery, and work stations, using hand tools, shovels, brooms, chemicals, hoses, and lubricants.

Collect samples of materials or products, checking them to ensure conformance to specifications or sending them to laboratories for analysis.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Conveyor Operators and Tenders"
Production and Processing -- Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.

Mechanical -- Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
See the education requirements for Conveyor Operators and Tenders
Skill Requirements for:
"Conveyor Operators and Tenders"
Operation and Control -- Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

Operation Monitoring -- Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.

Equipment Maintenance -- Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.

Repairing -- Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

Troubleshooting -- Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Equipment Selection -- Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.




Ability Requirements for:
"Conveyor Operators and Tenders"
Perceptual Speed -- The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Control Precision -- The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.

Manual Dexterity -- The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.

Trunk Strength -- The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.



"Conveyor Operators and Tenders" Job Activities
Controlling Machines and Processes -- Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material -- Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.

Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment -- Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information -- Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Job Tasks for:
"Cooks, Fast Food"
Maintain sanitation, health, and safety standards in work areas.

Clean food preparation areas, cooking surfaces, and utensils.

Operate large-volume cooking equipment such as grills, deep-fat fryers, or griddles.

Verify that prepared food meets requirements for quality and quantity.

Take food and drink orders and receive payment from customers.

Read food order slips or receive verbal instructions as to food required by patron, and prepare and cook food according to instructions.

Wash, cut, and prepare foods designated for cooking.

Measure ingredients required for specific food items being prepared.

Cook and package batches of food, such as hamburgers and fried chicken, which are prepared to order or kept warm until sold.

Cook the exact number of items ordered by each customer, working on several different orders simultaneously.

Serve orders to customers at windows, counters, or tables.

Clean, stock, and restock workstations and display cases.

Prepare specialty foods such as pizzas, fish and chips, sandwiches, and tacos, following specific methods that usually require short preparation time.

Prepare dough, following recipe.

Schedule activities and equipment use with managers, using information about daily menus to help coordinate cooking times.

Prepare and serve beverages such as coffee and fountain drinks.

Mix ingredients such as pancake or waffle batters.

Order and take delivery of supplies.

Pre-cook items such as bacon, in order to prepare them for later use.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Cooks, Fast Food"
Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Food Production -- Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Production and Processing -- Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.

Personnel and Human Resources -- Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.

Sales and Marketing -- Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
See the education requirements for Cooks, Fast Food
Skill Requirements for:
"Cooks, Fast Food"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Service Orientation -- Actively looking for ways to help people.

Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.

Social Perceptiveness -- Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

Mathematics -- Using mathematics to solve problems.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Learning Strategies -- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.

Monitoring -- Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.


Ability Requirements for:
"Cooks, Fast Food"
Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Trunk Strength -- The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



"Cooks, Fast Food" Job Activities
Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People -- Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Performing for or Working Directly with the Public -- Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material -- Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.

Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work -- Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.

Scheduling Work and Activities -- Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Job Tasks for:
"Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria"
Cook foodstuffs according to menus, special dietary or nutritional restrictions, and numbers of portions to be served.

Clean and inspect galley equipment, kitchen appliances, and work areas in order to ensure cleanliness and functional operation.

Direct activities of one or more workers who assist in preparing and serving meals.

Bake breads, rolls, and other pastries.

Clean, cut, and cook meat, fish, and poultry.

Compile and maintain records of food use and expenditures.

Determine meal prices based on calculations of ingredient prices.

Requisition food supplies, kitchen equipment, and appliances, based on estimates of future needs.

Apportion and serve food to facility residents, employees, or patrons.

Monitor menus and spending in order to ensure that meals are prepared economically.

Monitor use of government food commodities to ensure that proper procedures are followed.

Plan menus that are varied, nutritionally balanced, and appetizing, taking advantage of foods in season and local availability.

Take inventory of supplies and equipment.

Train new employees.

Wash pots, pans, dishes, utensils, and other cooking equipment.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria"
Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
See the education requirements for Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria
Skill Requirements for:
"Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria"
Service Orientation -- Actively looking for ways to help people.

Mathematics -- Using mathematics to solve problems.


Ability Requirements for:
"Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria"
Wrist-Finger Speed -- The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



"Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria" Job Activities
Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information -- Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.

Monitoring and Controlling Resources -- Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Job Tasks for:
"Cooks, Private Household"
Prepare meals in private homes according to employers' recipes or tastes, handling all meals for the family and possibly for other household staff.

Stock, organize, and clean kitchens and cooking utensils.

Shop for or order food and kitchen supplies and equipment.

Serve meals and snacks to employing families and their guests.

Plan menus according to employers' needs and diet restrictions.

Plan and prepare food for parties, holiday meals, luncheons, special functions, and other social events.

Peel, wash, trim, and cook vegetables and meats, and bake breads and pastries.

Direct the operation and organization of kitchens and all food-related activities, including the presentation and serving of food.

Travel with employers to vacation homes to provide meal preparation at those locations.

Specialize in preparing fancy dishes and/or food for special diets.

Create and explore new cuisines.
Job Tasks for:
"Cooks, Restaurant"
Inspect food preparation and serving areas to ensure observance of safe, sanitary food-handling practices.

Turn or stir foods to ensure even cooking.

Season and cook food according to recipes or personal judgment and experience.

Observe and test foods to determine if they have been cooked sufficiently, using methods such as tasting, smelling, or piercing them with utensils.

Weigh, measure, and mix ingredients according to recipes or personal judgment, using various kitchen utensils and equipment.

Portion, arrange, and garnish food, and serve food to waiters or patrons.

Regulate temperature of ovens, broilers, grills, and roasters.

Substitute for or assist other cooks during emergencies or rush periods.

Bake, roast, broil, and steam meats, fish, vegetables, and other foods.

Wash, peel, cut, and seed fruits and vegetables to prepare them for consumption.

Estimate expected food consumption; then requisition or purchase supplies, or procure food from storage.

Carve and trim meats such as beef, veal, ham, pork, and lamb for hot or cold service, or for sandwiches.

Coordinate and supervise work of kitchen staff.

Consult with supervisory staff to plan menus, taking into consideration factors such as costs and special event needs.

Butcher and dress animals, fowl, or shellfish, or cut and bone meat prior to cooking.

Bake breads, rolls, cakes, and pastries.

Prepare relishes and hors d'oeuvres.

Keep records and accounts.

Plan and price menu items.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Cooks, Restaurant"
Food Production -- Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
See the education requirements for Cooks, Restaurant
Skill Requirements for:
"Cooks, Restaurant"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.

Learning Strategies -- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.

Social Perceptiveness -- Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

Coordination -- Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.




Ability Requirements for:
"Cooks, Restaurant"
Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Time Sharing -- The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Manual Dexterity -- The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.



"Cooks, Restaurant" Job Activities
Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material -- Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Training and Teaching Others -- Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Job Tasks for:
"Cooks, Short Order"
Clean food preparation equipment, work areas, and counters or tables.

Plan work on orders so that items served together are finished at the same time.

Grill, cook, and fry foods such as french fries, eggs, and pancakes.

Take orders from customers and cook foods requiring short preparation times, according to customer requirements.

Grill and garnish hamburgers or other meats such as steaks and chops.

Complete orders from steam tables, placing food on plates and serving customers at tables or counters.

Perform simple food preparation tasks such as making sandwiches, carving meats, and brewing coffee.

Order supplies and stock them on shelves.

Accept payments, and make change or write charge slips as necessary.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Cooks, Short Order"
Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Food Production -- Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
See the education requirements for Cooks, Short Order
Skill Requirements for:
"Cooks, Short Order"
Coordination -- Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Judgment and Decision Making -- Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

Service Orientation -- Actively looking for ways to help people.

Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.

Learning Strategies -- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.

Troubleshooting -- Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.


Ability Requirements for:
"Cooks, Short Order"
Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Arm-Hand Steadiness -- The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Manual Dexterity -- The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.

Selective Attention -- The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Time Sharing -- The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).



"Cooks, Short Order" Job Activities
Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Performing for or Working Directly with the Public -- Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships -- Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Job Tasks for:
"Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders"
Adjust machine or freezer speed and air intake in order to obtain desired consistency and amount of product.

Correct machinery malfunctions by performing actions such as removing jams, and inform supervisors of malfunctions as necessary.

Insert forming fixtures, and start machines that cut frozen products into measured portions or specified shapes.

Load and position wrapping paper, sticks, bags, or cartons into dispensing machines.

Measure or weigh specified amounts of ingredients or materials, and load them into tanks, vats, hoppers, or other equipment.

Monitor pressure gauges, ammeters, flowmeters, thermometers, or products, and adjust controls to maintain specified conditions, such as feed rate, product consistency, temperature, air pressure, and machine speed.

Place or position containers into equipment, and remove containers after completion of cooling or freezing processes.

Position molds on conveyors, and measure and adjust level of fill, using depth gauges.

Read dials and gauges on panel control boards in order to ascertain temperatures, alkalinities, and densities of mixtures, and turn valves in order to obtain specified mixtures.

Scrape, dislodge, or break excess frost, ice, or frozen product from equipment in order to prevent accumulation, using hands and hand tools.

Start agitators to blend contents, or start beater, scraper, and expeller blades to mix contents with air and prevent sticking.

Start machinery such as pumps, feeders, or conveyors, and turn valves in order to heat, admit, or transfer products, refrigerants, or mixes.

Stir material with spoons or paddles in order to mix ingredients or allow even cooling and prevent coagulation.

Weigh packages and adjust freezer air valves or switches on filler heads in order to obtain specified amounts of product in each container.

Activate mechanical rakes in order to regulate flow of ice from storage bins to vats.

Assemble equipment, and attach pipes, fittings, or valves, using hand tools.

Inspect and flush lines with solutions or steam, and spray equipment with sterilizing solutions.

Record temperatures, amounts of materials processed, and/or test results on report forms.

Sample and test product characteristics such as specific gravity, acidity, and sugar content, using hydrometers, pH meters, or refractometers.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders"
Mechanical -- Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
See the education requirements for Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders
Skill Requirements for:
"Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders"
Operation and Control -- Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

Operation Monitoring -- Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.

Repairing -- Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.

Equipment Maintenance -- Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.

Quality Control Analysis -- Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.

Science -- Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

Monitoring -- Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

Troubleshooting -- Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Mathematics -- Using mathematics to solve problems.

Equipment Selection -- Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.




Ability Requirements for:
"Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders"
Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Finger Dexterity -- The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Control Precision -- The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.

Wrist-Finger Speed -- The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.

Manual Dexterity -- The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.

Arm-Hand Steadiness -- The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.

Multilimb Coordination -- The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.

Perceptual Speed -- The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.

Number Facility -- The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.



"Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders" Job Activities
Controlling Machines and Processes -- Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment -- Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material -- Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Job Tasks for:
"Copy Writers"
Write advertising copy for use by publication, broadcast or internet media to promote the sale of goods and services.

Present drafts and ideas to clients.

Discuss with the client the product, advertising themes and methods, and any changes that should be made in advertising copy.

Vary language and tone of messages based on product and medium.

Consult with sales, media and marketing representatives to obtain information on product or service and discuss style and length of advertising copy.

Edit or rewrite existing copy as necessary, and submit copy for approval by supervisor.

Write to customers in their terms and on their level so that the advertiser's sales message is more readily received.

Write articles, bulletins, sales letters, speeches, and other related informative, marketing and promotional material.

Invent names for products and write the slogans that appear on packaging, brochures and other promotional material.

Review advertising trends, consumer surveys, and other data regarding marketing of goods and services to determine the best way to promote products.

Develop advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, working with an advertising agency's creative director and art director to determine the best way to present advertising information.

Conduct research and interviews to determine which of a product's selling features should be promoted.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Copy Writers"
English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Communications and Media -- Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.

Sales and Marketing -- Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
See the education requirements for Copy Writers
Skill Requirements for:
"Copy Writers"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Persuasion -- Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Coordination -- Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

Equipment Selection -- Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.




Ability Requirements for:
"Copy Writers"
Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

Originality -- The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Fluency of Ideas -- The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.



"Copy Writers" Job Activities
Thinking Creatively -- Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships -- Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.

Selling or Influencing Others -- Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work -- Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge -- Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Job Tasks for:
"Coroners"
Coordinate the release of personal effects to authorized persons, and facilitate the disposition of unclaimed corpses and personal effects.

Inventory personal effects, such as jewelry or wallets, that are recovered from bodies.

Locate and document information regarding the next of kin, including their relationship to the deceased and the status of notification attempts.

Provide information concerning the circumstances of death to relatives of the deceased.

Remove or supervise removal of bodies from death scenes, using the proper equipment and supplies, and arrange for transportation to morgues.

Witness and certify deaths that are the result of a judicial order.

Record the disposition of minor children, as well as details of arrangements made for their care.

Collect and document any pertinent medical history information.

Complete death certificates, including the assignment of a cause and manner of death.

Complete reports and forms required to finalize cases.

Direct activities of workers who conduct autopsies, perform pathological and toxicological analyses, and prepare documents for permanent records.

Inquire into the cause, manner, and circumstances of human deaths, and establish the identities of deceased persons.

Interview persons present at death scenes to obtain information useful in determining the manner of death.

Observe and record the positions and conditions of bodies and of related evidence.

Observe, record, and preserve any objects or personal property related to deaths, including objects such as medication containers and suicide notes.

Perform medico-legal examinations and autopsies, conducting preliminary examinations of the body in order to identify victims, to locate signs of trauma, and to identify factors that would indicate time of death.

Testify at inquests, hearings, and court trials.

Arrange for the next of kin to be notified of deaths.

Collect wills, burial instructions, and other documentation needed for investigations and for handling of the remains.

Confer with officials of public health and law enforcement agencies in order to coordinate interdepartmental activities.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Coroners"
Biology -- Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.

Medicine and Dentistry -- Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

Law and Government -- Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.

Chemistry -- Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
See the education requirements for Coroners
Skill Requirements for:
"Coroners"
Science -- Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Coordination -- Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Judgment and Decision Making -- Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

Mathematics -- Using mathematics to solve problems.

Complex Problem Solving -- Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.




Ability Requirements for:
"Coroners"
Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Flexibility of Closure -- The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.



"Coroners" Job Activities
Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Analyzing Data or Information -- Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others -- Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates -- Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Job Tasks for:
"Correctional Officers and Jailers"
Monitor conduct of prisoners, according to established policies, regulations, and procedures, in order to prevent escape or violence.

Inspect conditions of locks, window bars, grills, doors, and gates at correctional facilities, in order to ensure that they will prevent escapes.

Search prisoners, cells, and vehicles for weapons, valuables, or drugs.

Guard facility entrances in order to screen visitors.

Search for and recapture escapees.

Inspect mail for the presence of contraband.

Take prisoners into custody and escort to locations within and outside of facility, such as visiting room, courtroom, or airport.

Record information, such as prisoner identification, charges, and incidences of inmate disturbance.

Use weapons, handcuffs, and physical force to maintain discipline and order among prisoners.

Conduct fire, safety, and sanitation inspections.

Provide to supervisors oral and written reports of the quality and quantity of work performed by inmates, inmate disturbances and rule violations, and unusual occurrences.

Settle disputes between inmates.

Drive passenger vehicles and trucks used to transport inmates to other institutions, courtrooms, hospitals, and work sites.

Arrange daily schedules for prisoners including library visits, work assignments, family visits, and counseling appointments.

Assign duties to inmates, providing instructions as needed.

Issue clothing, tools, and other authorized items to inmates.

Serve meals and distribute commissary items to prisoners.

Investigate crimes that have occurred within an institution, or assist police in their investigations of crimes and inmates.

Maintain records of prisoners' identification and charges.

Supervise and coordinate work of other correctional service officers.

Sponsor inmate recreational activities such as newspapers and self-help groups.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Correctional Officers and Jailers"
Public Safety and Security -- Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

Law and Government -- Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.

Psychology -- Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

Education and Training -- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

Sociology and Anthropology -- Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.

Personnel and Human Resources -- Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.

Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
See the education requirements for Correctional Officers and Jailers
Skill Requirements for:
"Correctional Officers and Jailers"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Social Perceptiveness -- Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Monitoring -- Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Coordination -- Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

Persuasion -- Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.

Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.




Ability Requirements for:
"Correctional Officers and Jailers"
Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Far Vision -- The ability to see details at a distance.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Selective Attention -- The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.



"Correctional Officers and Jailers" Job Activities
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others -- Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships -- Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.

Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material -- Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Job Tasks for:
"Correspondence Clerks"
Read incoming correspondence to ascertain nature of writers' concerns and to determine disposition of correspondence.

Review correspondence for format and typographical accuracy, assemble the information into a prescribed form with the correct number of copies, and submit it to an authorized official for signature.

Route correspondence to other departments for reply.

Type acknowledgment letters to persons sending correspondence.

Compile data from records to prepare periodic reports.

Compile data pertinent to manufacture of special products for customers.

Compose correspondence requesting medical information and records.

Confer with company personnel regarding feasibility of complying with writers' requests.

Ensure that money collected is properly recorded and secured.

Obtain written authorization to access required medical information.

Process orders for goods requested in correspondence.

Respond to internal and external requests for the release of information contained in medical records, copying medical records, and selective extracts in accordance with laws and regulations.

Complete form letters in response to requests or problems identified by correspondence.

Compose letters in reply to correspondence concerning such items as requests for merchandise, damage claims, credit information requests, delinquent accounts, incorrect billing, or unsatisfactory service.

Compute costs of records furnished to requesters, and write letters to obtain payment.

Gather records pertinent to specific problems, review them for completeness and accuracy, and attach records to correspondence as necessary.

Maintain files and control records to show correspondence activities.

Prepare documents and correspondence such as damage claims, credit and billing inquiries, invoices, and service complaints.

Prepare records for shipment by certified mail.

Present clear and concise explanations of governing rules and regulations.

Submit completed documents to typists for typing in final form, and instruct typists in matters such as format, addresses, addressees, and the necessary number of copies.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Correspondence Clerks"
Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
See the education requirements for Correspondence Clerks
Skill Requirements for:
"Correspondence Clerks"
Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.




Ability Requirements for:
"Correspondence Clerks"
Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Wrist-Finger Speed -- The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).



"Correspondence Clerks" Job Activities
Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Performing Administrative Activities -- Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.


Job Tasks for:
"Cost Estimators"
Analyze blueprints and other documentation to prepare time, cost, materials, and labor estimates.

Assess cost effectiveness of products, projects or services, tracking actual costs relative to bids as the project develops.

Consult with clients, vendors, personnel in other departments or construction foremen to discuss and formulate estimates and resolve issues.

Confer with engineers, architects, owners, contractors and subcontractors on changes and adjustments to cost estimates.

Prepare estimates used by management for purposes such as planning, organizing, and scheduling work.

Prepare estimates for use in selecting vendors or subcontractors.

Review material and labor requirements, to decide whether it is more cost-effective to produce or purchase components.

Prepare cost and expenditure statements and other necessary documentation at regular intervals for the duration of the project.

Prepare and maintain a directory of suppliers, contractors and subcontractors.

Set up cost monitoring and reporting systems and procedures.

Establish and maintain tendering process, and conduct negotiations.

Conduct special studies to develop and establish standard hour and related cost data or to effect cost reduction.

Visit site and record information about access, drainage and topography, and availability of services such as water and electricity.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Cost Estimators"
Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Production and Processing -- Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.

Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
See the education requirements for Cost Estimators
Skill Requirements for:
"Cost Estimators"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Mathematics -- Using mathematics to solve problems.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Management of Personnel Resources -- Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Equipment Selection -- Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.




Ability Requirements for:
"Cost Estimators"
Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Mathematical Reasoning -- The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.



"Cost Estimators" Job Activities
Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Scheduling Work and Activities -- Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships -- Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.

Performing for or Working Directly with the Public -- Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information -- Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.

Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others -- Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others -- Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.


Job Tasks for:
"Costume Attendants"
Arrange costumes in order of use to facilitate quick-change procedures for performances.

Assign lockers to employees, and maintain locker rooms, dressing rooms, wig rooms, and costume storage and laundry areas.

Care for non-clothing items such as flags, table skirts, and draperies.

Check the appearance of costumes on-stage and under lights in order to determine whether desired effects are being achieved.

Clean and press costumes before and after performances, and perform any minor repairs.

Collaborate with production designers, costume designers, and other production staff in order to discuss and execute costume design details.

Create worksheets for dressing lists, show notes, and costume checks.

Distribute costumes and related equipment, and keep records of item status.

Examine costume fit on cast members, and sketch or write notes for alterations.

Inventory stock in order to determine types and conditions of available costuming.

Monitor, maintain, and secure inventories of costumes, wigs, and makeup, providing keys or access to assigned directors, costume designers, and wardrobe mistresses/masters.

Provide assistance to cast members in wearing costumes, or assign cast dressers to assist specific cast members with costume changes.

Return borrowed or rented items when productions are complete and return other items to storage.

Design and construct costumes or send them to tailors for construction, major repairs, or alterations.

Direct the work of wardrobe crews during dress rehearsals and performances.

Participate in the hiring, training, scheduling, and supervision of alteration workers.

Provide managers with budget recommendations, and take responsibility for budgetary line items related to costumes, storage, and makeup needs.

Purchase, rent, or requisition costumes and other wardrobe necessities.

Recommend vendors and monitor their work.

Review scripts or other production information in order to determine a story's locale and period, as well as the number of characters and required costumes.

Study books, pictures, and examples of period clothing in order to determine styles worn during specific periods in history.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Costume Attendants"
Design -- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

Fine Arts -- Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
See the education requirements for Costume Attendants
Skill Requirements for:
"Costume Attendants"
Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Complex Problem Solving -- Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.




Ability Requirements for:
"Costume Attendants"
Arm-Hand Steadiness -- The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.

Wrist-Finger Speed -- The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.

Visualization -- The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Manual Dexterity -- The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.



"Costume Attendants" Job Activities
Thinking Creatively -- Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Analyzing Data or Information -- Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material -- Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Monitoring and Controlling Resources -- Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.

Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People -- Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information -- Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Job Tasks for:
"Counseling Psychologists"
Select, administer, and interpret psychological tests to assess intelligence, aptitudes, abilities, or interests.

Consult with other professionals to discuss therapies, treatments, counseling resources, or techniques, and to share occupational information.

Refer clients to specialists or to other institutions for non-counseling treatment of problems.

Conduct research to develop or improve diagnostic or therapeutic counseling techniques.

Provide consulting services to schools, social service agencies, and businesses.

Advise clients on how they could be helped by counseling.

Analyze data such as interview notes, test results, and reference manuals in order to identify symptoms, and to diagnose the nature of clients' problems.

Collect information about individuals or clients, using interviews, case histories, observational techniques, and other assessment methods.

Counsel individuals, groups, or families to help them understand problems, define goals, and develop realistic action plans.

Develop therapeutic and treatment plans based on clients' interests, abilities, and needs.

Evaluate the results of counseling methods to determine the reliability and validity of treatments.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Counseling Psychologists"
Therapy and Counseling -- Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.

Psychology -- Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
See the education requirements for Counseling Psychologists
Skill Requirements for:
"Counseling Psychologists"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Social Perceptiveness -- Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Learning Strategies -- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.

Complex Problem Solving -- Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.

Persuasion -- Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.




Ability Requirements for:
"Counseling Psychologists"
Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Originality -- The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.



"Counseling Psychologists" Job Activities
Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Assisting and Caring for Others -- Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships -- Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.

Analyzing Data or Information -- Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Job Tasks for:
"Counter and Rental Clerks"
Compute charges for merchandise or services and receive payments.

Prepare merchandise for display, or for purchase or rental.

Recommend and provide advice on a wide variety of products and services.

Answer telephones to provide information and receive orders.

Greet customers and discuss the type, quality and quantity of merchandise sought for rental.

Keep records of transactions, and of the number of customers entering an establishment.

Prepare rental forms, obtaining customer signature and other information, such as required licenses.

Receive, examine, and tag articles to be altered, cleaned, stored, or repaired.

Inspect and adjust rental items to meet needs of customer.

Explain rental fees, policies and procedures.

Reserve items for requested times and keep records of items rented.

Receive orders for services, such as rentals, repairs, dry cleaning, and storage.

Rent items, arrange for provision of services to customers and accept returns.

Provide information about rental items, such as availability, operation or description.

Advise customers on use and care of merchandise.

Allocate equipment to participants in sporting events or recreational activities.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Counter and Rental Clerks"
English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Sales and Marketing -- Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
See the education requirements for Counter and Rental Clerks
Skill Requirements for:
"Counter and Rental Clerks"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Mathematics -- Using mathematics to solve problems.




Ability Requirements for:
"Counter and Rental Clerks"
Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Trunk Strength -- The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



"Counter and Rental Clerks" Job Activities
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public -- Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Developing and Building Teams -- Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.

Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships -- Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge -- Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Job Tasks for:
"Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop"
Scrub and polish counters, steam tables, and other equipment, and clean glasses, dishes, and fountain equipment.

Serve food, beverages, or desserts to customers in such settings as take-out counters of restaurants or lunchrooms, business or industrial establishments, hotel rooms, and cars.

Replenish foods at serving stations.

Take customers' orders and write ordered items on tickets, giving ticket stubs to customers when needed to identify filled orders.

Prepare food such as sandwiches, salads, and ice cream dishes, using standard formulas or following directions.

Wrap menu item such as sandwiches, hot entrees, and desserts for serving or for takeout.

Prepare bills for food, using cash registers, calculators, or adding machines; and accept payment and make change.

Deliver orders to kitchens, and pick up and serve food when it is ready.

Serve salads, vegetables, meat, breads, and cocktails; ladle soups and sauces; portion desserts; and fill beverage cups and glasses.

Add relishes and garnishes to food orders, according to instructions.

Carve meat.

Order items needed to replenish supplies.

Set up dining areas for meals and clear them following meals.

Brew coffee and tea, and fill containers with requested beverages.

Balance receipts and payments in cash registers.

Arrange reservations for patrons of dining establishments.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop"
Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Food Production -- Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
See the education requirements for Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop
Skill Requirements for:
"Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop"
Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Social Perceptiveness -- Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.




Ability Requirements for:
"Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop"
Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Trunk Strength -- The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.



"Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop" Job Activities
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public -- Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Job Tasks for:
"Couriers and Messengers"
Walk, ride bicycles, drive vehicles, or use public conveyances in order to reach destinations to deliver messages or materials.

Load vehicles with listed goods, ensuring goods are loaded correctly and taking precautions with hazardous goods.

Unload and sort items collected along delivery routes.

Receive messages or materials to be delivered, and information on recipients, such as names, addresses, telephone numbers, and delivery instructions, communicated via telephone, two-way radio, or in person.

Plan and follow the most efficient routes for delivering goods.

Deliver messages and items, such as newspapers, documents, and packages, between establishment departments, and to other establishments and private homes.

Sort items to be delivered according to the delivery route.

Obtain signatures and payments, or arrange for recipients to make payments.

Record information, such as items received and delivered and recipients' responses to messages.

Check with home offices after completed deliveries, in order to confirm deliveries and collections and to receive instructions for other deliveries.

Perform routine maintenance on delivery vehicles, such as monitoring fluid levels and replenishing fuel.

Call by telephone in order to deliver verbal messages.

Open, sort, and distribute incoming mail.

Perform general office or clerical work such as filing materials, operating duplicating machines, or running errands.

Collect, seal, and stamp outgoing mail, using postage meters and envelope sealers.

Unload goods from large trucks, and load them onto smaller delivery vehicles.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Couriers and Messengers"
Transportation -- Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
See the education requirements for Couriers and Messengers
Skill Requirements for:
"Couriers and Messengers"
Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Coordination -- Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Learning Strategies -- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.

Service Orientation -- Actively looking for ways to help people.

Equipment Maintenance -- Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.




Ability Requirements for:
"Couriers and Messengers"
Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Multilimb Coordination -- The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Manual Dexterity -- The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Arm-Hand Steadiness -- The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.



"Couriers and Messengers" Job Activities
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment -- Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work -- Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.


Job Tasks for:
"Court Clerks"
Prepare dockets or calendars of cases to be called, using typewriters or computers.

Record case dispositions, court orders, and arrangements made for payment of court fees.

Answer inquiries from the general public regarding judicial procedures, court appearances, trial dates, adjournments, outstanding warrants, summonses, subpoenas, witness fees, and payment of fines.

Prepare and issue orders of the court, including probation orders, release documentation, sentencing information, and summonses.

Prepare documents recording the outcomes of court proceedings.

Instruct parties about timing of court appearances.

Explain procedures or forms to parties in cases or to the general public.

Search files, and contact witnesses, attorneys, and litigants, in order to obtain information for the court.

Follow procedures to secure courtrooms and exhibits such as money, drugs, and weapons.

Amend indictments when necessary, and endorse indictments with pertinent information.

Read charges and related information to the court and, if necessary, record defendants' pleas.

Swear in jury members, interpreters, witnesses and defendants.

Collect court fees or fines, and record amounts collected.

Direct support staff in handling of paperwork processed by clerks' offices.

Prepare and mark all applicable court exhibits and evidence.

Examine legal documents submitted to courts for adherence to laws or court procedures.

Record court proceedings, using recording equipment, or record minutes of court proceedings using stenotype machines or shorthand.

Prepare courtrooms with paper, pens, water, easels, and electronic equipment, and ensure that recording equipment is working.

Conduct roll calls, and poll jurors.

Open courts, calling them to order and announcing judges.

Meet with judges, lawyers, parole officers, police, and social agency officials in order to coordinate the functions of the court.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Court Clerks"
Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

Law and Government -- Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.

Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
See the education requirements for Court Clerks
Skill Requirements for:
"Court Clerks"
Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Coordination -- Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Service Orientation -- Actively looking for ways to help people.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Learning Strategies -- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.


Ability Requirements for:
"Court Clerks"
Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.



"Court Clerks" Job Activities
Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work -- Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.

Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships -- Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge -- Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Performing Administrative Activities -- Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.


Job Tasks for:
"Court Reporters"
Ask speakers to clarify inaudible statements.

File a legible transcript of records of a court case with the court clerk's office.

Provide transcripts of proceedings upon request of judges, lawyers, or the public.

Record verbatim proceedings of courts, legislative assemblies, committee meetings, and other proceedings, using computerized recording equipment, electronic stenograph machines, or stenomasks.

Respond to requests during court sessions to read portions of the proceedings already recorded.

Transcribe recorded proceedings in accordance with established formats.

Verify accuracy of transcripts by checking copies against original records of proceedings and accuracy of rulings by checking with judges.

Caption news, emergency broadcasts, sporting events, and other programming for television networks or cable stations.

File and store shorthand notes of court session.

Record depositions and other proceedings for attorneys.

Record symbols on computer disks or CD-ROM, then translate and display them as text in computer-aided transcription process.

Take notes in shorthand or use a stenotype or shorthand machine that prints letters on a paper tape.



Job Tasks for:
"Craft Artists"
Create functional or decorative objects by hand, using a variety of methods and materials.

Develop concepts or creative ideas for craft objects.

Set specifications for materials, dimensions, and finishes.

Sketch or draw objects to be crafted.

Develop designs using specialized computer software.

Create prototypes or models of objects to be crafted.

Fabricate patterns or templates to guide craft production.

Cut, shape, fit, join, mold, or otherwise process materials, using hand tools, power tools, and/or machinery.

Select materials for use based on strength, color, texture, balance, weight, size, malleability and other characteristics.

Apply finishes to objects being crafted.

Research craft trends, venues, and customer buying patterns in order to inspire designs and marketing strategies.

Develop product packaging, display and pricing strategies.

Advertise products and work, using media such as internet advertising and brochures.

Attend craft shows to market products.

Confer with customers to assess customer needs or obtain feedback.
Job Tasks for:
"Crane and Tower Operators"
Load and unload bundles from trucks, and move containers to storage bins, using moving equipment.

Move levers, depress foot pedals, and turn dials to operate cranes, cherry pickers, electromagnets, or other moving equipment for lifting, moving, and placing loads.

Review daily work and delivery schedules to determine orders, sequences of deliveries, and special loading instructions.

Weigh bundles, using floor scales, and record weights for company records.

Clean, lubricate, and maintain mechanisms such as cables, pulleys, and grappling devices, making repairs as necessary.

Direct truck drivers backing vehicles into loading bays, and cover, uncover, and secure loads for delivery.

Inspect and adjust crane mechanisms and lifting accessories in order to prevent malfunctions and damage.

Inspect bundle packaging for conformance to regulations and customer requirements, and remove and batch packaging tickets.

Inspect cables and grappling devices for wear, and install or replace cables as needed.

Determine load weights and check them against lifting capacities in order to prevent overload.

Direct helpers engaged in placing blocking and outrigging under cranes.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Crane and Tower Operators"
Mechanical -- Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
See the education requirements for Crane and Tower Operators
Skill Requirements for:
"Crane and Tower Operators"
Operation and Control -- Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

Equipment Maintenance -- Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.




Ability Requirements for:
"Crane and Tower Operators"
Multilimb Coordination -- The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.

Control Precision -- The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.

Depth Perception -- The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Far Vision -- The ability to see details at a distance.

Manual Dexterity -- The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Gross Body Coordination -- The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.

Speed of Limb Movement -- The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.



"Crane and Tower Operators" Job Activities
Controlling Machines and Processes -- Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material -- Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Job Tasks for:
"Creative Writers"
Conducts research to obtain factual information and authentic detail, utilizing sources such as newspaper accounts, diaries, and interviews.

Reviews, submits for approval, and revises written material to meet personal standards and satisfy needs of client, publisher, director, or producer.

Selects subject or theme for writing project based on personal interest and writing specialty, or assignment from publisher, client, producer, or director.

Develops factors, such as theme, plot, characterization, psychological analysis, historical environment, action, and dialogue, to create material.

Writes humorous material for publication or performance, such as comedy routines, gags, comedy shows, or scripts for entertainers.

Writes fiction or nonfiction prose work, such as short story, novel, biography, article, descriptive or critical analysis, or essay.

Writes play or script for moving pictures or television, based on original ideas or adapted from fictional, historical, or narrative sources.

Organizes material for project, plans arrangement or outline, and writes synopsis.

Collaborates with other writers on specific projects.

Confers with client, publisher, or producer to discuss development changes or revisions.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Creative Writers"
English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Communications and Media -- Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.

Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
See the education requirements for Creative Writers
Skill Requirements for:
"Creative Writers"
Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Monitoring -- Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

Complex Problem Solving -- Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.

Coordination -- Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.




Ability Requirements for:
"Creative Writers"
Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

Originality -- The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Fluency of Ideas -- The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.



"Creative Writers" Job Activities
Thinking Creatively -- Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People -- Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

Provide Consultation and Advice to Others -- Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.

Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work -- Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Job Tasks for:
"Credit Analysts"
Analyze credit data and financial statements to determine the degree of risk involved in extending credit or lending money.

Prepare reports that include the degree of risk involved in extending credit or lending money.

Evaluate customer records and recommend payment plans based on earnings, savings data, payment history, and purchase activity.

Confer with credit association and other business representatives to exchange credit information.

Complete loan applications, including credit analyses and summaries of loan requests, and submit to loan committees for approval.

Generate financial ratios, using computer programs, to evaluate customers' financial status.

Review individual or commercial customer files to identify and select delinquent accounts for collection.

Compare liquidity, profitability, and credit histories of establishments being evaluated with those of similar establishments in the same industries and geographic locations.

Consult with customers to resolve complaints and verify financial and credit transactions.

Analyze financial data such as income growth, quality of management, and market share to determine expected profitability of loans.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Credit Analysts"
Economics and Accounting -- Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
See the education requirements for Credit Analysts
Skill Requirements for:
"Credit Analysts"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Social Perceptiveness -- Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Learning Strategies -- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.

Judgment and Decision Making -- Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.




Ability Requirements for:
"Credit Analysts"
Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Mathematical Reasoning -- The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.



"Credit Analysts" Job Activities
Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships -- Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Job Tasks for:
"Credit Authorizers"
Evaluate customers' computerized credit records and payment histories to decide whether to approve new credit, based on predetermined standards.

File sales slips in customers' ledgers for billing purposes.

Keep records of customers' charges and payments.

Receive charge slips or credit applications by mail, or receive information from salespeople or merchants by telephone.

Mail charge statements to customers.

Prepare credit cards or charge account plates.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Credit Authorizers"
Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Economics and Accounting -- Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data.

Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
See the education requirements for Credit Authorizers
Skill Requirements for:
"Credit Authorizers"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.




Ability Requirements for:
"Credit Authorizers"
Number Facility -- The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.



"Credit Authorizers" Job Activities
Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Analyzing Data or Information -- Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Job Tasks for:
"Credit Checkers"
Compile and analyze credit information gathered by investigation.

Contact former employers and other acquaintances to verify applicants' references, employment, health history, and social behavior.

Examine city directories and public records in order to verify residence property ownership, bankruptcies, liens, arrest record, or unpaid taxes of applicants.

Interview credit applicants by telephone or in person in order to obtain personal and financial data needed to complete credit report.

Obtain information about potential creditors from banks, credit bureaus, and other credit services, and provide reciprocal information if requested.

Prepare reports of findings and recommendations, using typewriters or computers.

Relay credit report information to subscribers by mail or by telephone.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Credit Checkers"
Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
See the education requirements for Credit Checkers
Skill Requirements for:
"Credit Checkers"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Judgment and Decision Making -- Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.




Ability Requirements for:
"Credit Checkers"
Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.



"Credit Checkers" Job Activities
Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Analyzing Data or Information -- Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others -- Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.

Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People -- Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Job Tasks for:
"Criminal Investigators and Special Agents"
Determine scope, timing, and direction of investigations.

Develop relationships with informants in order to obtain information related to cases.

Examine records in order to locate links in chains of evidence or information.

Identify case issues and evidence needed, based on analysis of charges, complaints, or allegations of law violations.

Obtain and use search and arrest warrants.

Obtain and verify evidence by interviewing and observing suspects and witnesses, or by analyzing records.

Perform undercover assignments and maintain surveillance, including monitoring authorized wiretaps.

Prepare reports that detail investigation findings.

Analyze evidence in laboratories, or in the field.

Collaborate with other authorities on activities such as surveillance, transcription and research.

Collaborate with other offices and agencies in order to exchange information and coordinate activities.

Collect and record physical information about arrested suspects, including fingerprints, height and weight measurements, and photographs.

Compare crime scene fingerprints with those from suspects or fingerprint files to identify perpetrators, using computers.

Investigate organized crime, public corruption, financial crime, copyright infringement, civil rights violations, bank robbery, extortion, kidnapping, and other violations of federal or state statutes.

Manage security programs designed to protect personnel, facilities, and information.

Record evidence and documents, using equipment such as cameras and photocopy machines.

Search for and collect evidence such as fingerprints, using investigative equipment.

Serve subpoenas or other official papers.

Testify before grand juries concerning criminal activity investigations.

Administer counter-terrorism and counter-narcotics reward programs.

Issue security clearances.

Provide protection for individuals such as government leaders, political candidates and visiting foreign dignitaries.

Train foreign civilian police.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Criminal Investigators and Special Agents"
Public Safety and Security -- Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

Law and Government -- Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
See the education requirements for Criminal Investigators and Special Agents
Skill Requirements for:
"Criminal Investigators and Special Agents"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Social Perceptiveness -- Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Complex Problem Solving -- Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.

Judgment and Decision Making -- Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.




Ability Requirements for:
"Criminal Investigators and Special Agents"
Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Flexibility of Closure -- The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.

Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Far Vision -- The ability to see details at a distance.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



"Criminal Investigators and Special Agents" Job Activities
Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Analyzing Data or Information -- Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People -- Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work -- Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.

Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others -- Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Job Tasks for:
"Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary"
Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions.

Keep abreast of developments in their field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences.

Evaluate and grade students' class work, assignments, and papers.

Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others.

Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate and/or graduate students on topics such as criminal law, defensive policing, and investigation techniques.

Prepare course materials such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts.

Conduct research in a particular field of knowledge, and publish findings in professional journals, books, and/or electronic media.

Plan, evaluate, and revise curricula, course content, and course materials and methods of instruction.

Supervise undergraduate and/or graduate teaching, internship, and research work.

Maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records.

Select and obtain materials and supplies such as textbooks.

Advise students on academic and vocational curricula, and on career issues.

Maintain regularly scheduled office hours in order to advise and assist students.

Collaborate with colleagues to address teaching and research issues.

Write grant proposals to procure external research funding.

Serve on academic or administrative committees that deal with institutional policies, departmental matters, and academic issues.

Compile bibliographies of specialized materials for outside reading assignments.

Participate in student recruitment, registration, and placement activities.

Provide professional consulting services to government and/or industry.

Perform administrative duties such as serving as department head.

Participate in campus and community events.

Act as advisers to student organizations.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary"
English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Law and Government -- Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.

Education and Training -- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

Sociology and Anthropology -- Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

Psychology -- Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.

Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Philosophy and Theology -- Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
See the education requirements for Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary
Skill Requirements for:
"Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary"
Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Learning Strategies -- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Complex Problem Solving -- Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.


Ability Requirements for:
"Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary"
Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.



"Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary" Job Activities
Training and Teaching Others -- Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others -- Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.

Thinking Creatively -- Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Analyzing Data or Information -- Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge -- Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.

Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People -- Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work -- Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.


Job Tasks for:
"Crossing Guards"
Direct or escort pedestrians across streets, stopping traffic as necessary.

Guide or control vehicular or pedestrian traffic at such places as street and railroad crossings and construction sites.

Communicate traffic and crossing rules and other information to students and adults.

Direct traffic movement or warn of hazards, using signs, flags, lanterns, and hand signals.

Inform drivers of detour routes through construction sites.

Learn the location and purpose of street traffic signs within assigned patrol areas.

Monitor traffic flow to locate safe gaps through which pedestrians can cross streets.

Activate railroad warning signal lights, lower crossing gates until trains pass, and raise gates when crossings are clear.

Discuss traffic routing plans and control point locations with superiors.

Distribute traffic control signs and markers at designated points.

Record license numbers of vehicles disregarding traffic signals, and report infractions to appropriate authorities.

Report unsafe behavior of children to school officials.

Stop speeding vehicles to warn drivers of traffic laws.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Crossing Guards"
Public Safety and Security -- Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

Law and Government -- Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
See the education requirements for Crossing Guards
Skill Requirements for:
"Crossing Guards"
Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.




Ability Requirements for:
"Crossing Guards"
Far Vision -- The ability to see details at a distance.

Reaction Time -- The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.

Time Sharing -- The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).

Depth Perception -- The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.

Peripheral Vision -- The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.

Selective Attention -- The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Night Vision -- The ability to see under low light conditions.

Multilimb Coordination -- The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.



"Crossing Guards" Job Activities
Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Performing for or Working Directly with the Public -- Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Assisting and Caring for Others -- Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.

Controlling Machines and Processes -- Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Job Tasks for:
"Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders"
Inspect chains, belts, and scrolls for signs of wear.

Mark bins as to types of mixtures stored.

Notify supervisors of needed repairs.

Test samples of materials or products to ensure compliance with specifications, using test equipment.

Transfer materials, supplies, and products between work areas, using moving equipment and hand tools.

Add or mix chemicals and ingredients for processing, using hand tools or other devices.

Break mixtures to size, using picks.

Dislodge and clear jammed materials or other items from machinery and equipment, using hand tools.

Load materials into machinery and equipment, using hand tools.

Move controls to start, stop, or adjust machinery and equipment that crushes, grinds, polishes, or blends materials.

Observe operation of equipment to ensure continuity of flow, safety, and efficient operation, and to detect malfunctions.

Read work orders to determine production specifications and information.

Record data from operations, testing, and production on specified forms.

Reject defective products and readjust equipment to eliminate problems.

Set mill gauges to specified fineness of grind.

Tend accessory equipment such as pumps and conveyors in order to move materials or ingredients through production processes.

Turn valves to regulate the moisture contents of materials.

Weigh or measure materials, ingredients, and/or products at specified intervals to ensure conformance to requirements.

Clean work areas.

Clean, adjust and maintain equipment, using hand tools.

Collect samples of materials or products for laboratory testing.

Examine materials, ingredients, or products visually or with hands, in order to ensure conformance to established standards.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders"
Production and Processing -- Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.

Mechanical -- Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
See the education requirements for Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Skill Requirements for:
"Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders"
Operation and Control -- Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

Operation Monitoring -- Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.

Quality Control Analysis -- Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.




Ability Requirements for:
"Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders"
Control Precision -- The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.

Static Strength -- The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Manual Dexterity -- The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.



"Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders" Job Activities
Controlling Machines and Processes -- Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material -- Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.

Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment -- Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form
Job Tasks for:
"Curators"
Plan and organize the acquisition, storage, and exhibition of collections and related materials, including the selection of exhibition themes and designs.

Develop and maintain an institution's registration, cataloging, and basic recordkeeping systems, using computer databases.

Provide information from the institution's holdings to other curators and to the public.

Inspect premises to assess the need for repairs and to ensure that climate and pest-control issues are addressed.

Train and supervise curatorial, fiscal, technical, research, and clerical staff, as well as volunteers or interns.

Negotiate and authorize purchase, sale, exchange, or loan of collections.

Plan and conduct special research projects in area of interest or expertise.

Conduct or organize tours, workshops, and instructional sessions to acquaint individuals with an institution's facilities and materials.

Confer with the board of directors to formulate and interpret policies, to determine budget requirements, and to plan overall operations.

Attend meetings, conventions, and civic events to promote use of institution's services, to seek financing, and to maintain community alliances.

Schedule events, and organize details including refreshment, entertainment, decorations, and the collection of any fees.

Write and review grant proposals, journal articles, institutional reports, and publicity materials.

Study, examine, and test acquisitions to authenticate their origin, composition, history, and to assess their current value.

Arrange insurance coverage for objects on loan or for special exhibits, and recommend changes in coverage for the entire collection.

Establish specifications for reproductions and oversee their manufacture, or select items from commercially available replica sources.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Curators"
English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

Computers and Electronics -- Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.

Education and Training -- Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.

History and Archeology -- Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.

Communications and Media -- Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
See the education requirements for Curators
Skill Requirements for:
"Curators"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Instructing -- Teaching others how to do something.

Coordination -- Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

Judgment and Decision Making -- Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.


Ability Requirements for:
"Curators"
Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Category Flexibility -- The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.

Originality -- The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.



"Curators" Job Activities
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work -- Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.

Thinking Creatively -- Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Scheduling Work and Activities -- Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.

Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People -- Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Job Tasks for:
"Custom Tailors"
Develops design for garment, adapts existing design for garment, or copies existing design for garment.

Alters garment and joins parts, using needle and thread or sewing machine, to form finished garment.

Draws individual pattern or alters existing pattern to fit customer's measurements.

Sews buttons and buttonholes to finish garment.

Presses garment, using hand iron or pressing machine.

Confers with customer to determine type of material and garment style desired.

Positions pattern of garment parts on fabric, and cuts fabric along outlines, using scissors.

Measures customer for size, using tape measure and records measurements.

Fits basted garment on customer and marks areas requiring alterations.

Assembles garment parts and joins parts with basting stitches, using needle and thread or sewing machine.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Custom Tailors"
Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

Design -- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.

Production and Processing -- Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
See the education requirements for Custom Tailors
Skill Requirements for:
"Custom Tailors"
Operation and Control -- Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

Equipment Selection -- Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.

Service Orientation -- Actively looking for ways to help people.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.




Ability Requirements for:
"Custom Tailors"
Arm-Hand Steadiness -- The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.

Originality -- The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.

Finger Dexterity -- The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.

Visualization -- The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.



"Custom Tailors" Job Activities
Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Thinking Creatively -- Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Performing for or Working Directly with the Public -- Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

Controlling Machines and Processes -- Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information -- Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Job Tasks for:
"Customer Service Representatives"
Confer with customers by telephone or in person in order to provide information about products and services, to take orders or cancel accounts, or to obtain details of complaints.

Keep records of customer interactions and transactions, recording details of inquiries, complaints, and comments, as well as actions taken.

Resolve customers' service or billing complaints by performing activities such as exchanging merchandise, refunding money, and adjusting bills.

Check to ensure that appropriate changes were made to resolve customers' problems.

Contact customers in order to respond to inquiries or to notify them of claim investigation results and any planned adjustments.

Refer unresolved customer grievances to designated departments for further investigation.

Determine charges for services requested, collect deposits or payments, and/or arrange for billing.

Complete contract forms, prepare change of address records, and issue service discontinuance orders, using computers.

Obtain and examine all relevant information in order to assess validity of complaints and to determine possible causes, such as extreme weather conditions that could increase utility bills.

Solicit sale of new or additional services or products.

Review insurance policy terms in order to determine whether a particular loss is covered by insurance.

Review claims adjustments with dealers, examining parts claimed to be defective and approving or disapproving dealers' claims.

Compare disputed merchandise with original requisitions and information from invoices, and prepare invoices for returned goods.

Order tests that could determine the causes of product malfunctions.

Recommend improvements in products, packaging, shipping, service, or billing methods and procedures in order to prevent future problems.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Customer Service Representatives"
Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

Clerical -- Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.

Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
See the education requirements for Customer Service Representatives
Skill Requirements for:
"Customer Service Representatives"
Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Time Management -- Managing one's own time and the time of others.

Monitoring -- Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

Service Orientation -- Actively looking for ways to help people.

Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Learning Strategies -- Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Social Perceptiveness -- Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.




Ability Requirements for:
"Customer Service Representatives"
Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Speech Recognition -- The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Inductive Reasoning -- The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).



"Customer Service Representatives" Job Activities
Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems -- Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships -- Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Job Tasks for:
"Customer Service Representatives, Utilities"
Resolves billing or service complaints and refers grievances to designated departments for investigation.

Confers with customer by phone or in person to receive orders for installation, turn-on, discontinuance, or change in service.

Completes contract forms, prepares change of address records, and issues discontinuance orders, using computer.

Determines charges for service requested and collects deposits.

Solicits sale of new or additional utility services.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Customer Service Representatives, Utilities"
Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.

English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
See the education requirements for Customer Service Representatives, Utilities
Skill Requirements for:
"Customer Service Representatives, Utilities"
Speaking -- Talking to others to convey information effectively.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.

Service Orientation -- Actively looking for ways to help people.

Writing -- Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.




Ability Requirements for:
"Customer Service Representatives, Utilities"
Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Number Facility -- The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.

Mathematical Reasoning -- The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.

Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.



"Customer Service Representatives, Utilities" Job Activities
Communicating with Persons Outside Organization -- Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.

Performing for or Working Directly with the Public -- Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Performing Administrative Activities -- Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.

Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others -- Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

Interacting With Computers -- Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.

Processing Information -- Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events -- Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Job Tasks for:
"Cutters and Trimmers, Hand"
Adjust guides and stops to control depths and widths of cuts.

Cut, shape, and trim materials, such as textiles, food, glass, stone, and metal, using knives, scissors, and other hand tools, portable power tools, or bench-mounted tools.

Lower table-mounted cutters such as knife blades, cutting wheels, or saws to cut items to specified sizes.

Mark cutting lines around patterns or templates, or follow layout points, using squares, rules, and straightedges, and chalk, pencils, or scribes.

Mark or discard items with defects such as spots, stains, scars, snags, chips, scratches, or unacceptable shapes or finishes.

Position templates or measure materials to locate specified points of cuts or to obtain maximum yields, using rules, scales, or patterns.

Read work orders to determine dimensions, cutting locations, and quantities to cut.

Unroll, lay out, attach, or mount materials or items on cutting tables or machines.

Clean, treat, buff, or polish finished items, using grinders, brushes, chisels, and cleaning solutions and polishing materials.

Count or weigh and bundle items.

Fold or shape materials before or after cutting them.

Mark identification numbers, trademarks, grades, marketing data, sizes, or model numbers on products.

Replace or sharpen dulled cutting tools such as saws.

Route items to provide cutouts for parts, using portable routers, grinders, and hand tools.

Separate materials or products according to size, weight, type, condition, color, or shade.

Stack cut items and load them on racks or conveyors or onto trucks.

Transport items to work or storage areas, using carts.

Trim excess material or cut threads off finished products, such as cutting loose ends of plastic off a manufactured toy for a smoother finish.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Cutters and Trimmers, Hand"

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See the education requirements for Cutters and Trimmers, Hand
Skill Requirements for:
"Cutters and Trimmers, Hand"
Operation and Control -- Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

Equipment Selection -- Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.




Ability Requirements for:
"Cutters and Trimmers, Hand"
Manual Dexterity -- The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.

Visualization -- The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.

Wrist-Finger Speed -- The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.

Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).

Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Control Precision -- The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.

Arm-Hand Steadiness -- The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.



"Cutters and Trimmers, Hand" Job Activities
Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Controlling Machines and Processes -- Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Job Tasks for:
"Cutting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders"
Starts cutting machine by pressing button, pulling lever, or depressing pedal to cut stock, following markings or specifications.

Stops cutting machine when necessary, by pulling lever, pressing button, or depressing pedal, and removes debris.

Observes cutting machine in operation, to ensure even flow of stock and to detect jamming, improper feeding, or foreign materials.

Feeds stock into cutting machine, conveyor, or under cutting blades, by threading, guiding, pushing, or turning handwheel.

Marks cutting lines, or identifying information on stock, using marking pencil, ruler, or scribe.

Stacks and sorts cut material according to type and size, for packaging, further processing, or shipping.

Moves stock or scrap to and from machine transporting either manually or using cart, handtruck, or lift truck.

Records data concerning amount and type of stock cut from duties performed, including weight, length, and width.

Cleans and lubricates cutting machine, conveyors, blades, saws, or knives, using steam hose, scrapers, brush, or oil cans.

Cuts stock manually, to prepare for machine cutting, using tools such as knife, cleaver, handsaw, or hammer and chisel.

Sharpens cutting blades, knives, or saws, using file, bench grinder, or honing stone.

Examines and measures stock to ensure conformance to specifications, using ruler, gauge, micrometer or scale, and removes defects.

Installs or replaces cutting knives, blades, or wheels, in cutting machine, using hand tools.

Positions stock along cutting lines, or against stops, on bed of scoring or cutting machine.

Reads work order, or receives oral instructions, regarding specifications, for stock to be cut.

Adjusts feeding guides, blades, settings, or speed, to regulate specified depth, length, or width of material, using hand tools or hands.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Cutting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders"
Production and Processing -- Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.

Mechanical -- Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.

Design -- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
See the education requirements for Cutting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders
Skill Requirements for:
"Cutting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders"
Operation and Control -- Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

Operation Monitoring -- Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.

Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.




Ability Requirements for:
"Cutting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders"
Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Control Precision -- The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.

Extent Flexibility -- The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.

Static Strength -- The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Wrist-Finger Speed -- The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.

Manual Dexterity -- The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.

Arm-Hand Steadiness -- The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.

Perceptual Speed -- The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.

Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

Written Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.



"Cutting and Slicing Machine Operators and Tenders" Job Activities
Controlling Machines and Processes -- Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Handling and Moving Objects -- Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.

Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings -- Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.

Documenting/Recording Information -- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.

Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material -- Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.

Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment -- Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards -- Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.

Getting Information -- Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Job Tasks for:
"Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic"
Select, clean, and install spacers, rubber sleeves, and cutters on arbors.

Set blade tensions, heights, and angles to perform prescribed cuts, using wrenches.

Set stops on machine beds, change dies, and adjust components, such as rams or power presses, when making multiple or successive passes.

Set up, operate, or tend machines to saw, cut, shear, slit, punch, crimp, notch, bend, or straighten metal or plastic material.

Start machines, monitor their operations, and record operational data.

Test and adjust machine speeds and actions, according to product specifications, and using gauges and hand tools.

Turn controls to set cutting speeds, feed rates, and table angles for specified operations.

Turn valves to start flow of coolant against cutting areas and to start airflow that blows cuttings away from kerfs.

Clean and lubricate machines.

Grind out burrs and sharp edges, using portable grinders, speed lathes, and polishing jacks.

Hand-form, cut, or finish workpieces, using tools such as table saws, hand sledges, and anvils.

Adjust ram strokes of presses to specified lengths, using hand tools.

Examine completed workpieces for defects such as chipped edges and marred surfaces, and sort defective pieces according to types of flaws.

Install, align, and lock specified punches, dies, cutting blades or other fixtures in rams or beds of machines, using gauges, templates, feelers, shims, and hand tools.

Load workpieces, plastic material, or chemical solutions into machines.

Measure completed workpieces to verify conformance to specifications, using micrometers, gauges, calipers, templates, or rulers.

Place workpieces on cutting tables, manually or using hoists, cranes, or sledges.

Plan sequences of operations, applying knowledge of physical properties of workpiece materials.

Position, align, and secure workpieces against fixtures or stops on machine beds or on dies.

Position guides, stops, holding blocks, or other fixtures to secure and direct workpieces, using hand tools and measuring devices.

Read work orders and production schedules to determine specifications, such as materials to be used, locations of cutting lines, and dimensions and tolerances.

Scribe reference lines on workpieces as guides for cutting operations, according to blueprints, templates, sample parts, or specifications.

Hone cutters with oilstones to remove nicks.

Lubricate workpieces with oil.

Mark identifying data on workpieces.

Preheat workpieces, using heating furnaces or hand torches.

Remove housings, feed tubes, tool holders, and other accessories in order to replace worn or broken parts such as springs and bushings.

Replace defective blades or wheels, using hand tools.

Sharpen dulled blades, using bench grinders, abrasive wheels, or lathes.

Thread ends of metal coils from reels through slitters, and secure ends on recoilers.
Job Tasks for:
"Dancers"
Attend costume fittings, photography sessions, and makeup calls associated with dance performances.

Collaborate with choreographers in order to refine or modify dance steps.

Coordinate dancing with that of partners or dance ensembles.

Develop self-understanding of physical capabilities and limitations, and choose dance styles accordingly.

Harmonize body movements to rhythm of musical accompaniment.

Perform classical, modern, or acrobatic dances in productions, expressing stories, rhythm, and sound with their bodies.

Perform in productions, singing or acting in addition to dancing, if required.

Study and practice dance moves required in roles.

Train, exercise, and attend dance classes to maintain high levels of technical proficiency, physical ability, and physical fitness.

Audition for dance roles or for membership in dance companies.

Devise and choreograph dance for self or others.

Monitor the field of dance to remain aware of current trends and innovations.

Teach dance students.



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Knowledge Requirements for:
"Dancers"
Fine Arts -- Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
See the education requirements for Dancers
Skill Requirements for:
"Dancers"
Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.


Ability Requirements for:
"Dancers"
Gross Body Coordination -- The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.

Speed of Limb Movement -- The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.

Stamina -- The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.

Dynamic Strength -- The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.

Dynamic Flexibility -- The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.

Trunk Strength -- The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without 'giving out' or fatiguing.

Spatial Orientation -- The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.

Explosive Strength -- The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.

Memorization -- The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.

Gross Body Equilibrium -- The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.



"Dancers" Job Activities
Performing General Physical Activities -- Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.

Performing for or Working Directly with the Public -- Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.

Thinking Creatively -- Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.

Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others -- Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates -- Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

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